The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 9, 2022

A quick canary test was free of errors and showed lower latency, which is expected given that our standard canary setup routes an equal amount of traffic to both the baseline running on 4xl and the canary on 12xl. What’s worse, average latency degraded by more than 50%, with both CPU and latency patterns becoming more “choppy.”

Hardware 363

Hardware Cache Performance Latency 363

Scalegrid

AUGUST 26, 2020

ScaleGrid MySQL on Azure so you can see which provider offers the best throughput and latency performance. We measure latency in ms 95th percentile latency. During Read-Intensive Workloads, ScaleGrid manages to achieve up to 3 times higher throughput and averages 66% better latency compared to Azure Database.

Azure 299

Azure Benchmarking Database Latency 299

CSS Wizardry

OCTOBER 16, 2023

Plotted on the same horizontal axis of 1.6s, the waterfalls speak for themselves: 201ms of cumulative latency; 109ms of cumulative download. 4,362ms of cumulative latency; 240ms of cumulative download. When we talk about downloading files, we—generally speaking—have two things to consider: latency and bandwidth. It gets worse.

Cache 338

Cache Latency Strategy Speed 338

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 18, 2024

These include challenges with tail latency and idempotency, managing “wide” partitions with many rows, handling single large “fat” columns, and slow response pagination. It also serves as central configuration of access patterns such as consistency or latency targets.

Latency 254

Latency Storage Cache Efficiency 254

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 12, 2024

By: Rajiv Shringi , Oleksii Tkachuk , Kartik Sathyanarayanan Introduction In our previous blog post, we introduced Netflix’s TimeSeries Abstraction , a distributed service designed to store and query large volumes of temporal event data with low millisecond latencies. Today, we’re excited to present the Distributed Counter Abstraction.

Latency 253

Latency Cache Infrastructure Strategy 253

CSS Wizardry

MAY 31, 2019

A classic example is jQuery, that we might link to like so: There are a number of perceived benefits to doing this, but my aim later in this article is to either debunk these claims, or show how other costs vastly outweigh them. I’m going to use an example taken straight from Bootstrap’s own Getting Started. What Am I Talking About?

Cache 275

Cache Latency Infrastructure Website 275

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 17, 2022

For example, we invest in next-generation, royalty-free codecs and sophisticated video encoding optimizations. Video downscaling is the most pertinent example herein, which tailors our encoding to screen resolutions of different devices and optimizes picture quality under varying network conditions. A visual example is shown below.

Network 302

Network Media Innovation Efficiency 302

The Netflix TechBlog

OCTOBER 8, 2024

Rajiv Shringi Vinay Chella Kaidan Fullerton Oleksii Tkachuk Joey Lynch Introduction As Netflix continues to expand and diversify into various sectors like Video on Demand and Gaming , the ability to ingest and store vast amounts of temporal data — often reaching petabytes — with millisecond access latency has become increasingly vital.

Latency 242

Latency Storage Traffic Tuning 242

The Netflix TechBlog

JUNE 4, 2019

Because microprocessors are so fast, computer architecture design has evolved towards adding various levels of caching between compute units and the main memory, in order to hide the latency of bringing the bits to the brains. As an illustrative example, let’s consider a toy instance of 16 hyperthreads.

Cache 260

Cache Latency Airlines Logistics 260

The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 1, 2021

It supports both high throughput services that consume hundreds of thousands of CPUs at a time, and latency-sensitive workloads where humans are waiting for the results of a computation. For example, a video encoding service is built of components that are scale-agnostic: API, workflow, and functions.

Serverless 236

Serverless Media Latency Social Media 236

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 3, 2022

For example, it is OK to send writes through one instance, and do reads from another one with full data read consistency guarantees. For example, a batch workflow orchestration system may create multiple jobs which are part of a single workflow execution. Kubernetes is a good example here.

Cache 235

Cache Latency Traffic Systems 235

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 24, 2021

As an example, cloud-based post-production editing and collaboration pipelines demand a complex set of functionalities, including the generation and hosting of high quality proxy content. The following table gives us an example of file sizes for 4K ProRes 422 HQ proxies.

Cloud 242

Cloud Media Storage Cache 242

Dynatrace

JUNE 25, 2020

For example, in a three-node cluster, one node can go down; in a cluster with five or more nodes, two nodes can go down. The network latency between cluster nodes should be around 10 ms or less. Regular Dynatrace Managed deployments can work seamlessly when a maximum of two nodes are down at a time and the network has low latency.

Availability 256

Availability Hardware Latency Traffic 256

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 8, 2020

As an example, to render the screen shown here, the app sends a query that looks like this: paths: ["videos", 80154610, "detail"] A path starts from a root object , and is followed by a sequence of keys that we want to retrieve the data for.

Latency 243

Latency Cache Java Traffic 243

The Netflix TechBlog

JANUARY 10, 2024

This architecture shift greatly reduced the processing latency and increased system resiliency. We expanded pipeline support to serve our studio/content-development use cases, which had different latency and resiliency requirements as compared to the traditional streaming use case. divide the input video into small chunks 2.

Processing 240

Processing Media Latency Innovation 240

The Netflix TechBlog

OCTOBER 27, 2020

For example, in order to enhance our user experience, one online application fetches subscribers’ preferences data to recommend movies and TV shows. The data warehouse is not designed to serve point requests from microservices with low latency. Let’s look at an example of a Bulldozer YAML configuration (Figure 3).

Latency 254

Latency Storage Big Data Tuning 254

The Netflix TechBlog

FEBRUARY 18, 2022

For example, a member-triggered event such as “ change in a profile’s maturity level” should have a much higher priority than a “ system diagnostic signal”. For example, entirely relying on a Pull model wherein the device frequently calls home for updates would result in chatty mobile apps.

Systems 334

Systems Traffic Architecture Mobile 334

The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 7, 2023

We designed a unique concept called Annotation Operations which allows teams to create data pipelines and easily write annotations without worrying about access patterns of their data from different applications. Goals Annotation Operations Lets pick an example use case of identifying objects (like trees, cars etc.) in a video file.

Media 275

Media Latency Architecture Database 275

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 10, 2024

To support this growth, we’ve revisited Pushy’s past assumptions and design decisions with an eye towards both Pushy’s future role and future stability. In our case, we value low latency — the faster we can read from KeyValue, the faster these messages can get delivered. Graph of direct vs indirect messages per second.

Latency 233

Latency Cache Tuning Efficiency 233

Dynatrace

MARCH 16, 2023

Monitors signals The first attribute of a good SLO is the ability to monitor the four “golden signals”: latency, traffic, error rates, and resource saturation. In practice, however, SLOs’ value varies significantly based on how teams design, deploy, and manage them.

DevOps 228

DevOps Latency Metrics Traffic 228

The Netflix TechBlog

OCTOBER 26, 2021

Continuing on an example from Part 3 , a false negative corresponds to labeling the photo of the cat as a “not cat.” False negatives are closely related to the statistical concept of power , which gives the probability of a true positive given the experimental design and a true effect of a specific size.

Testing 213

Testing Metrics Latency Design 213

Dynatrace

SEPTEMBER 13, 2023

This is a set of best practices and guidelines that help you design and operate reliable, secure, efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable systems in the cloud. For example, optimizing resource utilization for greater scale and lower cost and driving insights to increase adoption of cloud-native serverless services.

AWS 259

AWS Efficiency Azure Cloud 259

Dynatrace

JUNE 7, 2023

A typical design pattern is the use of a semantic search over a domain-specific knowledge base, like internal documentation, to provide the required context in the prompt. Our example dashboard below visualizes OpenAI token consumption. This includes OpenAI as well as Azure OpenAI services, such as GPT-3, Codex, DALL-E, or ChatGPT.

Monitoring 174

Monitoring Latency Metrics Azure 174

Dynatrace

JANUARY 31, 2024

For example, a Stanford University and UC Berkeley team noted in a research study that ChatGPT behavior deteriorates over time. Using the example of a chatbot, once the user submits a natural language prompt, RAG summarizes that prompt using semantic data. Consequently, AI model drift and hallucinations emerge as primary concerns.

Cache 215

Cache Azure Infrastructure Monitoring 215

Dynatrace

AUGUST 27, 2019

Welcome back to the blog series in which we share how you can easily solve three common problem scenarios by using Dynatrace and xMatters Flow Designer. This is where xMatters Flow Designer comes into play, by automating remediation steps at the touch of a button. Step 5 – xMatters triggers a runbook in Ansible to fix the disk latency.

Systems 177

Systems DevOps Latency Azure 177

The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 7, 2024

Since its inception , Metaflow has been designed to provide a human-friendly API for building data and ML (and today AI) applications and deploying them in our production infrastructure frictionlessly. Example use case: Building model explainers Here’s a fascinating example of the usefulness of portable execution environments.

Systems 238

Systems Media Cache Open Source 238

All Things Distributed

JANUARY 18, 2012

a Fast and Scalable NoSQL Database Service Designed for Internet Scale Applications. Today is a very exciting day as we release Amazon DynamoDB , a fast, highly reliable and cost-effective NoSQL database service designed for internet scale applications. Amazon DynamoDB offers low, predictable latencies at any scale. Comments ().

Scalability 164

Scalability Database Ecommerce Latency 164

Dynatrace

MAY 17, 2023

The Dynatrace Site Reliability Guardian is designed for this practice; it allows development teams to define quality objectives in their code, which is validated throughout the delivery process before the code reaches production. The queries are depicted below (sensitive data has been removed).

DevOps 199

DevOps Traffic Latency Best Practices 199

The Netflix TechBlog

DECEMBER 17, 2024

The Challenge of Title Launch Observability As engineers, were wired to track system metrics like error rates, latencies, and CPU utilizationbut what about metrics that matter to a titlessuccess? How can we design systems that recognize these nuances and empower every title to shine and bring joy to ourmembers?

Traffic 174

Traffic Scalability Strategy Monitoring 174

The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 10, 2023

This feature support required a significant update in the data table design (which includes new tables and updating existing table columns). Data Sharding strategy in elasticsearch is updated to provide low search latency (as described in blog post) Design of new Cassandra reverse indices to support different sets of queries.

Media 245

Media Traffic Processing Design 245

Dynatrace

JANUARY 13, 2022

For example, data collected on load actions can include navigation start, request start, and speed index metrics. For example, one user may fill in several fields, click multiple buttons, and upload a file, while another may click several other buttons and fail to upload the file. Examples of real user monitoring.

Monitoring 191

Monitoring Mobile Latency Best Practices 191

The Netflix TechBlog

DECEMBER 21, 2020

This article will list some of the use cases of AutoOptimize, discuss the design principles that help enhance efficiency, and present the high-level architecture. For example, we allow a partition to have a few small files instead of always merging files in perfect sizes. Transparency to end-users.

Storage 214

Storage Latency Efficiency Data Engineering 214

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 22, 2019

This entertaining romp through the tech stack serves as an introduction to how we think about and design systems, the Netflix approach to operational challenges, and how other organizations can apply our thought processes and technologies. We explore all the systems necessary to make and stream content from Netflix. Thursday?—?December

AWS 38

AWS Entertainment Open Source Benchmarking 38

Highly Scalable

SEPTEMBER 18, 2012

Historically, NoSQL paid a lot of attention to tradeoffs between consistency, fault-tolerance and performance to serve geographically distributed systems, low-latency or highly available applications. Read/Write latency. Read/Write requests are processes with a minimal latency. This approach is used for example in Cassandra.

Database 213

Database Latency C++ Scalability 213

CSS Wizardry

AUGUST 13, 2019

Although this response has a 0B filesize, we will always take the latency hit on every single page view (and this response is basically 100% latency). com , which introduces yet more latency for the connection setup. If you’re interested in seeing a real-world example of this, consider the following filmstrip comparison.

Latency 210

Latency Cache Strategy Media 210

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 2, 2021

For example, when we design a new version of VMAF, we need to effectively roll it out throughout the entire Netflix catalog of movies and TV shows. This article explains how we designed microservices and workflows on top of the Cosmos platform to bolster such video quality innovations. The workflow is initiated.

Media 180

Media Innovation Metrics Latency 180

The Netflix TechBlog

APRIL 26, 2022

We will share how its design has evolved over the years and the lessons learned while building it. To understand Axion’s design, we need to know the various components that interact with it. An example of data about members is the video they had watched or added to their My List.

Storage 197

Storage Design Scalability Latency 197