The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 9, 2022

A quick canary test was free of errors and showed lower latency, which is expected given that our standard canary setup routes an equal amount of traffic to both the baseline running on 4xl and the canary on 12xl. What’s worse, average latency degraded by more than 50%, with both CPU and latency patterns becoming more “choppy.”

Hardware 363

Hardware Cache Performance Latency 363

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 10, 2024

Sample system diagram for an Alexa voice command. The other main use case was RENO, the Rapid Event Notification System mentioned above. Rewriting always comes with a risk, and it’s never the first solution we reach for, particularly when working with a system that’s in place and working well.

Latency 228

Latency Cache Tuning Efficiency 228

The Netflix TechBlog

OCTOBER 8, 2024

Rajiv Shringi Vinay Chella Kaidan Fullerton Oleksii Tkachuk Joey Lynch Introduction As Netflix continues to expand and diversify into various sectors like Video on Demand and Gaming , the ability to ingest and store vast amounts of temporal data — often reaching petabytes — with millisecond access latency has become increasingly vital.

Latency 236

Latency Storage Traffic Tuning 236

DZone

OCTOBER 4, 2023

Your team celebrates a success story where a trace identified a pesky latency issue in your application's authentication service. It turns out that the fix we made did improve performance at one point but created a situation in which key information was never cached. But the celebrations are short-lived.

Latency 252

Latency Cache Software Software 252

Scalegrid

FEBRUARY 8, 2024

A distributed storage system is foundational in today’s data-driven landscape, ensuring data spread over multiple servers is reliable, accessible, and manageable. This guide delves into how these systems work, the challenges they solve, and their essential role in businesses and technology.

Storage 130

Storage Systems Big Data Azure 130

Scalegrid

JANUARY 25, 2024

Key Takeaways Critical performance indicators such as latency, CPU usage, memory utilization, hit rate, and number of connected clients/slaves/evictions must be monitored to maintain Redis’s high throughput and low latency capabilities. These essential data points heavily influence both stability and efficiency within the system.

Metrics 130

Metrics Monitoring Latency Cache 130

VoltDB

MARCH 21, 2024

The most obvious and common way this happens is when companies try to evolve their caches into a data platform that can, for example, be used as highly available enterprise key-value stores for volatile data. Let’s look at a typical scenario involving the javax cache API, also known as JSR107. How hard can it be?

Cache 52

Cache Database Storage Availability 52

The Netflix TechBlog

JUNE 14, 2023

The GraphQL shim enabled client engineers to move quickly onto GraphQL, figure out client-side concerns like cache normalization, experiment with different GraphQL clients, and investigate client performance without being blocked by server-side migrations. To launch Phase 1 safely, we used AB Testing.

Traffic 356

Traffic Latency Cache Metrics 356

The Netflix TechBlog

MAY 4, 2023

Behind the scenes, a myriad of systems and services are involved in orchestrating the product experience. These backend systems are consistently being evolved and optimized to meet and exceed customer and product expectations. It provides a good read on the availability and latency ranges under different production conditions.

Traffic 344

Traffic Latency Tuning Systems 344

Dynatrace

JANUARY 31, 2024

GenAI is prone to erratic behavior due to unforeseen data scenarios or underlying system issues. The RAG process begins by summarizing and converting user prompts into queries that are sent to a search platform that uses semantic similarities to find relevant data in vector databases, semantic caches, or other online data sources.

Cache 216

Cache Azure Infrastructure Monitoring 216

Scalegrid

MARCH 28, 2024

Key Takeaways Redis offers complex data structures and additional features for versatile data handling, while Memcached excels in simplicity with a fast, multi-threaded architecture for basic caching needs. Redis is better suited for complex data models, and Memcached is better suited for high-throughput, string-based caching scenarios.

Cache 130

Cache Storage Architecture Scalability 130

Dynatrace

DECEMBER 13, 2023

User demographics , such as app version, operating system, location, and device type, can help tailor an app to better meet users’ needs and preferences. By monitoring metrics such as error rates, response times, and network latency, developers can identify trends and potential issues, so they don’t become critical.

Best Practices 211

Best Practices Mobile Metrics Performance 211

Scalegrid

DECEMBER 21, 2023

Identifying key Redis® metrics such as latency, CPU usage, and memory metrics is crucial for effective Redis monitoring. With these essential support systems in place, you can effectively monitor your databases with up-to-date data about their health and functioning status at all times.

Strategy 130

Strategy Monitoring Latency DevOps 130

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 24, 2021

Lastly, the packager kicks in, adding a system layer to the asset, making it ready to be consumed by the clients. Uploading and downloading data always come with a penalty, namely latency. There are existing distributed file systems for the cloud as well as off-the-shelf FUSE modules for S3.

Cloud 240

Cloud Media Storage Cache 240

The Netflix TechBlog

JUNE 4, 2019

Because microprocessors are so fast, computer architecture design has evolved towards adding various levels of caching between compute units and the main memory, in order to hide the latency of bringing the bits to the brains. This avoids thrashing caches too much for B and evens out the pressure on the L3 caches of the machine.

Cache 256

Cache Latency Airlines Logistics 256

Dynatrace

APRIL 7, 2022

Spring Boot 2 uses Micrometer as its default application metrics collector and automatically registers metrics for a wide variety of technologies, like JVM, CPU Usage, Spring MVC, and WebFlux request latencies, cache utilization, data source utilization, Rabbit MQ connection factories, and more. That’s a large amount of data to handle.

Metrics 220

Metrics Java Latency Cache 220

The Netflix TechBlog

APRIL 27, 2023

Engineers want their alerting system to be realtime, reliable, and actionable. A few years ago, we were paged by our SRE team due to our Metrics Alerting System falling behind — critical application health alerts reached engineers 45 minutes late! In other words, false positives are bad but false negatives are the absolute worst!

Storage 294

Storage Cache Metrics Database 294

Scalegrid

MAY 11, 2024

In-Memory Storage Engine, as the name suggests, stores data in memory for faster performance and lower latencies. It uses a filesystem cache and write-ahead log for crash recovery. However, keep in ming that it does not release space to the operating system. The compact process releases the free space to the operating system.

Storage 130

Storage Engineering Cache Database 130

High Scalability

JANUARY 11, 2022

The streaming data store makes the system extensible to support other use-cases (e.g. System Components. The system will comprise of several micro-services each performing a separate task. When a user requests for feed then there will be two parallel threads involved in fetching the user feeds to optimize for latency.

Design 334

Design Media Storage Logistics 334

Randon ASCII

SEPTEMBER 8, 2019

The fact that this shows up as CPU time suggests that the reads were all hitting in the system cache and the CPU time was the kernel overhead (note ntoskrnl.exe on the first sampled call stack) of grabbing data from the cache. Remember that these are calls to the operating system – kernel calls.

Latency 79

Latency Cache Programming Operating System 79

Dynatrace

APRIL 7, 2022

Spring Boot 2 uses Micrometer as its default application metrics collector and automatically registers metrics for a wide variety of technologies, like JVM, CPU Usage, Spring MVC, and WebFlux request latencies, cache utilization, data source utilization, Rabbit MQ connection factories, and more. That’s a large amount of data to handle.

Metrics 130

Metrics Java Latency Cache 130

Dynatrace

APRIL 7, 2022

Spring Boot 2 uses Micrometer as its default application metrics collector and automatically registers metrics for a wide variety of technologies, like JVM, CPU Usage, Spring MVC, and WebFlux request latencies, cache utilization, data source utilization, Rabbit MQ connection factories, and more. That’s a large amount of data to handle.

Metrics 130

Metrics Java Latency Cache 130

The Netflix TechBlog

JULY 12, 2019

Gatekeeper is the system at Netflix responsible for evaluating the “liveness” of videos and assets on the site. Gatekeeper accomplishes its prescribed task by aggregating data from multiple upstream systems, applying some business logic, then producing an output detailing the status of each video in each country.

Cache 183

Cache Architecture Latency Engineering 183

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 8, 2020

This allows the app to query a list of “paths” in each HTTP request, and get specially formatted JSON (jsonGraph) that we use to cache the data and hydrate the UI. Being able to canary a new route let us verify latency and error rates were within acceptable limits. This meant that data that was static (e.g.

Latency 238

Latency Cache Java Traffic 238

Dynatrace

SEPTEMBER 13, 2023

This is a set of best practices and guidelines that help you design and operate reliable, secure, efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable systems in the cloud. Storing frequently accessed data in faster storage, usually in-memory caching, improves data retrieval speed and overall system performance. Beyond

AWS 260

AWS Efficiency Azure Cloud 260

The Morning Paper

FEBRUARY 6, 2020

Last week we looked at a function shipping solution to the problem; Cloudburst uses the more common data shipping to bring data to caches next to function runtimes (though you could also make a case that the scheduling algorithm placing function execution in locations where the data is cached a flavour of function-shipping too).

Serverless 98

Serverless Lambda Cache Latency 98

John McCalpin

DECEMBER 6, 2016

The Xeon Phi x200 (Knights Landing) has a lot of modes of operation (selected at boot time), and the latency and bandwidth characteristics are slightly different for each mode. In “Cache” mode, MCDRAM memory is used as an L3 cache for the main DDR4 memory. numactl).

Latency 40

Latency Cache Testing Systems 40

The Netflix TechBlog

JULY 21, 2022

Some features (as an example) include Device Type ID, SDK Version, Buffer Sizes, Cache Capacities, UI resolution, Chipset Manufacturer and Brand. It also prevents the system running out of memory during execution of the query. Striking a balance between driver and executor memory configurations in SparkSQL-like systems.

Big Data 184

Big Data Cache Engineering Data Engineering 184

The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 7, 2023

But we cannot search or present low latency retrievals from files Etc. We store all OperationIDs which are in STARTED state in a distributed cache (EVCache) for fast access during searches. We do that by excluding the following from all queries in our system. This is obviously very expensive. Write algo runs into files.

Media 269

Media Latency Architecture Database 269

John McCalpin

APRIL 25, 2023

For most high-end processors these values have remained in the range of 75% to 85% of the peak DRAM bandwidth of the system over the past 15-20 years — an amazing accomplishment given the increase in core count (with its associated cache coherence issues), number of DRAM channels, and ever-increasing pipelining of the DRAMs themselves.

Benchmarking 97

Benchmarking Cache Latency Tuning 97

ACM Sigarch

MARCH 18, 2019

Computer systems, from the Internet-of-Things devices to datacenters, are complex and optimizing them can enhance capability and save money. Developing simulators, however, is time-consuming and requires a great deal of infrastructure development regarding a prospective system. Answered in Part 2.). Bottleneck Analysis.

Systems 60

Systems Latency Performance Analytics 60

Dynatrace

NOVEMBER 3, 2021

Logging provides additional data but is typically viewed in isolation of a broader system context. Observability is the ability to understand a system’s internal state by analyzing the data it generates, such as logs, metrics, and traces. Monitoring typically provides a limited view of system data focused on individual metrics.

Monitoring 234

Monitoring Metrics DevOps Scalability 234

Brendan Gregg

FEBRUARY 28, 2023

This talk originated from my updates to [Systems Performance 2nd Edition], and this was the first time I've given this talk in person! CXL in a way allows a custom memory controller to be added to a system, to increase memory capacity, bandwidth, and overall performance. Ford, et al., “TCP

Performance 103

Performance Latency Cache Virtualization 103

ACM Sigarch

MAY 31, 2023

Introduction Memory systems are evolving into heterogeneous and composable architectures. Heterogeneous and Composable Memory (HCM) offers a feasible solution for terabyte- or petabyte-scale systems, addressing the performance and efficiency demands of emerging big-data applications. The recently announced CXL3.0

Latency 52

Latency Hardware Cache Architecture 52

Sutter's Mill

FEBRUARY 13, 2017

Tue-Thu Apr 25-27: High-Performance and Low-Latency C++ (Stockholm). On April 25-27, I’ll be in Stockholm (Kista) giving a three-day seminar on “High-Performance and Low-Latency C++.” If you’re interested in attending, please check out the links, and I look forward to meeting and re-meeting many of you there.

Latency 47

Latency C++ Hardware Performance 47

The Morning Paper

MAY 12, 2019

An open-source benchmark suite for microservices and their hardware-software implications for cloud & edge systems Gan et al., Systems built with lots of microservices have different operational characteristics to those built from a small number of monoliths, we’d like to study and better understand those differences.

Open Source 61

Open Source Hardware Benchmarking Systems 61

Speed Curve

FEBRUARY 5, 2024

Caching the base page/HTML is common, and it should have a positive impact on backend times. Key things to understand from your CDN Cache Hit/Cache Miss – Was the resource served from the edge, or did the request have to go to origin? Latency – How much time does it take to deliver a packet from A to B.

Servers 57

Servers Cache Benchmarking Retail 57