The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 9, 2022

At Netflix, we periodically reevaluate our workloads to optimize utilization of available capacity. A quick canary test was free of errors and showed lower latency, which is expected given that our standard canary setup routes an equal amount of traffic to both the baseline running on 4xl and the canary on 12xl. let’s call it GS2?—?to

Hardware 363

Hardware Cache Performance Latency 363

Dynatrace

DECEMBER 27, 2022

In this example, “Reverse proxy” and “Front-end server” are clearly in the critical path. In this example, “hipstershop.currency,” “hipstershop.checkout” and “hipstershop.cart” are also part of this critical path. In this example, we’re creating an SLO with a target of 98% of our requests without errors. Availability.

Software 276

Software Software Benchmarking Latency 276

CSS Wizardry

OCTOBER 16, 2023

What is the availability, configurability, and efficacy of each? ?️ Plotted on the same horizontal axis of 1.6s, the waterfalls speak for themselves: 201ms of cumulative latency; 109ms of cumulative download. 4,362ms of cumulative latency; 240ms of cumulative download. And do any of our previous decisions dictate our options?

Cache 338

Cache Latency Strategy Speed 338

The Netflix TechBlog

JANUARY 25, 2023

For example, we have a service that stores a movie entity’s metadata or a service that stores metadata about images. In Pic 1 below, we have an example of an application which is used by editors to review their work. All data should be also available for offline analytics in Hive/Iceberg. Annotations can be versioned.

Scalability 293

Scalability Latency Media Architecture 293

The Netflix TechBlog

MAY 4, 2023

It provides a good read on the availability and latency ranges under different production conditions. The upstream service calls the existing and new replacement services concurrently to minimize any latency increase on the production path. For example, if some fields in the responses are timestamps, those will differ.

Traffic 349

Traffic Latency Tuning Systems 349

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 18, 2024

Central to this infrastructure is our use of multiple online distributed databases such as Apache Cassandra , a NoSQL database known for its high availability and scalability. It also serves as central configuration of access patterns such as consistency or latency targets.

Latency 254

Latency Storage Cache Efficiency 254

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 12, 2024

By: Rajiv Shringi , Oleksii Tkachuk , Kartik Sathyanarayanan Introduction In our previous blog post, we introduced Netflix’s TimeSeries Abstraction , a distributed service designed to store and query large volumes of temporal event data with low millisecond latencies. Today, we’re excited to present the Distributed Counter Abstraction.

Latency 253

Latency Cache Infrastructure Strategy 253

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 10, 2024

Continuous Instrumentation of the Linux Scheduler To ensure the reliability of our workloads that depend on low latency responses, we instrumented the run queue latency for each container, which measures the time processes spend in the scheduling queue before being dispatched to the CPU.

Latency 251

Latency Metrics Programming Monitoring 251

Dynatrace

MAY 19, 2022

Every organization’s goal is to keep its systems available and resilient to support business demands. Example 1: Architecture boundaries. This view shows the availability SLO for key application functions, like login and vehicle list, as well as a large set of timeframes, like last 30 minutes, last hour, today, and last six days.

Automotive 279

Automotive Latency Architecture Azure 279

CSS Wizardry

AUGUST 7, 2019

The first—and often most surprising for people to learn—thing that I want to draw your attention to is that TTFB counts one whole round trip of latency. The reason is because mobile networks are, as a rule, high latency connections. For example, request collapsing , edge-side includes , etc.). But what else is TTFB?

Latency 271

Latency Ecommerce Servers Mobile 271

The Netflix TechBlog

JUNE 4, 2019

Because microprocessors are so fast, computer architecture design has evolved towards adding various levels of caching between compute units and the main memory, in order to hide the latency of bringing the bits to the brains. As an illustrative example, let’s consider a toy instance of 16 hyperthreads.

Cache 260

Cache Latency Airlines Logistics 260

The Netflix TechBlog

JUNE 14, 2023

To determine customer impact, we could compare various metrics such as error rates, latencies, and time to render. The Replay Testing framework leverages the @override directive available in GraphQL Federation. For example, is it more correct for an array to be empty or null, or is it just noise? How does it work?

Traffic 358

Traffic Latency Metrics Cache 358

Dynatrace

FEBRUARY 21, 2024

Quality gates examples in Dynatrace Quality gates hold much promise for organizations looking to release better software faster. The following are specific examples that demonstrate quality gates in action: Security gates Security gates ensure code meets key security requirements defined by development and security stakeholders.

Speed 219

Speed Software Software Latency 219

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 3, 2022

For example, it is OK to send writes through one instance, and do reads from another one with full data read consistency guarantees. In PACELC terms we choose PC/EC and have the same level of availability for writes of our previous system while improving our theoretical availability for reads. Kubernetes is a good example here.

Cache 235

Cache Latency Traffic Systems 235

The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 5, 2024

Reduced tail latencies In both our GRPC and DGS Framework services, GC pauses are a significant source of tail latencies. For a given CPU utilization target, ZGC improves both average and P99 latencies with equal or better CPU utilization when compared to G1.

Latency 240

Latency Java Tuning Efficiency 240

The Netflix TechBlog

FEBRUARY 20, 2019

by Jason Koch , with Martin Spier , Brendan Gregg , Ed Hunter Improving the tools available to our engineers to help them diagnose, triage, and work through software performance challenges in the cloud is a key goal for the cloud performance engineering team at Netflix. 10–20 MB/sec (it is, unsurprisingly, receiving lots of data).

Performance 217

Performance Latency Open Source Metrics 217

Dynatrace

JANUARY 14, 2022

However, setting the right parameters for Kubernetes clusters to ensure application availability, performance, and resilience while avoiding overspending isn’t a walk in the park. Kubernetes microservices applications are a striking example of the complexity of today’s modern application and IT stacks. The Akamas approach.

Latency 217

Latency Tuning Efficiency AWS 217

CSS Wizardry

APRIL 22, 2020

ReactDOM, for example, ends up 27% smaller when compressed with maximum-level Brotli compression (11) as opposed to with maximum-level Gzip (9). This is because file-size is only one aspect of web performance, and whatever the file-size is, the resource is still sat on top of a lot of other factors and constants—latency, packet loss, etc.

Latency 302

Latency Servers Website Speed 302

The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 1, 2021

It supports both high throughput services that consume hundreds of thousands of CPUs at a time, and latency-sensitive workloads where humans are waiting for the results of a computation. For example, a video encoding service is built of components that are scale-agnostic: API, workflow, and functions.

Serverless 236

Serverless Media Latency Social Media 236

Dynatrace

MAY 13, 2022

Because of its scalability and distributed architecture, thousands of companies trust it to run their cloud and hybrid-based workloads at high availability without compromising performance. With the Dynatrace Data Explorer, you can easily analyze metrics, such as client read/write latency by Cassandra nodes and disk space usage by keyspaces.

Azure 242

Azure Latency Metrics Infrastructure 242

CSS Wizardry

MAY 31, 2019

A classic example is jQuery, that we might link to like so: There are a number of perceived benefits to doing this, but my aim later in this article is to either debunk these claims, or show how other costs vastly outweigh them. I’m going to use an example taken straight from Bootstrap’s own Getting Started. What Am I Talking About?

Cache 275

Cache Latency Infrastructure Website 275

The Netflix TechBlog

OCTOBER 8, 2024

Rajiv Shringi Vinay Chella Kaidan Fullerton Oleksii Tkachuk Joey Lynch Introduction As Netflix continues to expand and diversify into various sectors like Video on Demand and Gaming , the ability to ingest and store vast amounts of temporal data — often reaching petabytes — with millisecond access latency has become increasingly vital.

Latency 242

Latency Storage Traffic Tuning 242

Dynatrace

SEPTEMBER 13, 2023

For example, optimizing resource utilization for greater scale and lower cost and driving insights to increase adoption of cloud-native serverless services. This is where unified observability and Dynatrace Automations can help by leveraging causal AI and analytics to drive intelligent automation across your multicloud ecosystem.

AWS 259

AWS Efficiency Azure Cloud 259

Dynatrace

JANUARY 26, 2021

AWS Lambda functions are an example of how a serverless framework works: Developers write a function in a supported language or platform. Every time the trigger executes, the function runs on an available resource. When an application is triggered, it can cause latency as the application starts.

Serverless 246

Serverless Efficiency Lambda Azure 246

Dynatrace

MAY 31, 2023

Keeping pace with modern digital transformation requires ensuring that applications are responsive, resilient, and always available amid increased complexity. There are now many more applications, tools, and infrastructure variables that impact an application’s performance and availability. availability.

Best Practices 233

Best Practices DevOps Latency Metrics 233

The Netflix TechBlog

OCTOBER 27, 2020

For example, in order to enhance our user experience, one online application fetches subscribers’ preferences data to recommend movies and TV shows. The data warehouse is not designed to serve point requests from microservices with low latency. Let’s look at an example of a Bulldozer YAML configuration (Figure 3).

Latency 254

Latency Storage Big Data Tuning 254

Dynatrace

AUGUST 25, 2023

These signals ( latency, traffic, errors, and saturation ) provide a solid means of proactively monitoring operative systems via SLOs and tracking business success. SLOs, as a measure of service quality, can track the related availability, reliability, and performance. This is what Dynatrace captures as response time.

Performance 185

Performance Latency Traffic Metrics 185

Dynatrace

FEBRUARY 15, 2023

SREs use Service-Level Indicators (SLI) to see the complete picture of service availability, latency, performance, and capacity across various systems, especially revenue-critical systems. This is all available out-of-the-box with the default workflow template provided by Site Reliability Guardian.

DevOps 230

DevOps Latency Traffic Best Practices 230

Dynatrace

JUNE 1, 2023

But how do you get started, and what are some service level objective examples? In this post, I’ll lay out five foundational service level objective examples that every DevOps and SRE team should consider. These organizations rely heavily on performance, availability, and user satisfaction to drive sales and retain customers.

Latency 189

Latency Website Traffic Virtualization 189

Dynatrace

OCTOBER 10, 2024

For example, it supports string and numerical values, enabling a multitude of different use cases. To achieve the best visual outcome, we recommend experimenting with the available customization options. For example, set the value range for CPU consumption from 0% to 100%. Try different cell shapes. Min and max limits.

Latency 213

Latency Infrastructure Monitoring Metrics 213

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 10, 2024

Throughout this evolution, we’ve been able to maintain high availability and a consistent message delivery rate, with Pushy successfully maintaining 99.999% reliability for message delivery over the last few months. In our case, we value low latency — the faster we can read from KeyValue, the faster these messages can get delivered.

Latency 233

Latency Cache Tuning Efficiency 233

Highly Scalable

SEPTEMBER 18, 2012

Historically, NoSQL paid a lot of attention to tradeoffs between consistency, fault-tolerance and performance to serve geographically distributed systems, low-latency or highly available applications. However, consistency is a very expensive thing in distributed systems, so it can be traded not only to availability. Consistency.

Database 213

Database Latency C++ Scalability 213

The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 7, 2023

Goals Annotation Operations Lets pick an example use case of identifying objects (like trees, cars etc.) There are many naive solutions possible for this problem for example: Write different runs in different databases. But we cannot search or present low latency retrievals from files Etc. in a video file.

Media 275

Media Latency Architecture Database 275

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 8, 2020

As an example, to render the screen shown here, the app sends a query that looks like this: paths: ["videos", 80154610, "detail"] A path starts from a root object , and is followed by a sequence of keys that we want to retrieve the data for. ecosystem and the rich selection of npm packages available.

Latency 243

Latency Cache Java Traffic 243

Dynatrace

MARCH 16, 2023

Monitors signals The first attribute of a good SLO is the ability to monitor the four “golden signals”: latency, traffic, error rates, and resource saturation. Grabner and Cabrera offer the example of an iOS app experiencing crash issues after a team deploys a new version.

DevOps 228

DevOps Latency Metrics Traffic 228

Dynatrace

JUNE 7, 2023

One of the crucial success factors for delivering cost-efficient and high-quality AI-agent services, following the approach described above, is to closely observe their cost, latency, and reliability. Our example dashboard below visualizes OpenAI token consumption.

Monitoring 174

Monitoring Latency Metrics Azure 174

VoltDB

MAY 14, 2024

Balancing Low Latency, High Availability and Cloud Choice Cloud hosting is no longer just an option — it’s now, in many cases, the default choice. Let’s look at the top cloud computing use cases, the use cases for which cloud probably isn’t the best route available, and the use cases where a hybrid approach may be best.

Latency 52

Latency Availability Cloud Hardware 52