John McCalpin

FEBRUARY 17, 2025

“Latency” is the duration from the execution of a load instruction (to an address that misses in all the caches), and the completion of that load instruction when the data is returned from memory. The example below is for a 2005-era processor with 60 ns memory latency and 6.4 cache lines -> 5.6

Latency 68

Latency Hardware Cache Systems 68

The Netflix TechBlog

JUNE 4, 2019

Because microprocessors are so fast, computer architecture design has evolved towards adding various levels of caching between compute units and the main memory, in order to hide the latency of bringing the bits to the brains. This avoids thrashing caches too much for B and evens out the pressure on the L3 caches of the machine.

Cache 255

Cache Latency Airlines Logistics 255

Dynatrace

JANUARY 31, 2024

For example, a Stanford University and UC Berkeley team noted in a research study that ChatGPT behavior deteriorates over time. Using the example of a chatbot, once the user submits a natural language prompt, RAG summarizes that prompt using semantic data. Consequently, AI model drift and hallucinations emerge as primary concerns.

Cache 276

Cache Azure Infrastructure Monitoring 276

CSS Wizardry

MAY 31, 2019

A classic example is jQuery, that we might link to like so: There are a number of perceived benefits to doing this, but my aim later in this article is to either debunk these claims, or show how other costs vastly outweigh them. Users might already have the file cached. Penalty: Caching. Myth: Cross-Domain Caching.

Cache 277

Cache Latency Infrastructure Website 277

High Scalability

FEBRUARY 17, 2021

An application example is a session store recording recent actions. Application example: photo tagging; add a tag is an update, but most operations are to read tags. Application example: user profile cache, where profiles are constructed elsewhere (e.g., Run phase is where each db is tested for different test conditions.

Benchmarking 308

Benchmarking Latency C++ Database 308

The Netflix TechBlog

JUNE 14, 2023

The GraphQL shim enabled client engineers to move quickly onto GraphQL, figure out client-side concerns like cache normalization, experiment with different GraphQL clients, and investigate client performance without being blocked by server-side migrations. For example, is it more correct for an array to be empty or null, or is it just noise?

Traffic 355

Traffic Latency Metrics Cache 355

The Netflix TechBlog

APRIL 27, 2023

Moreover, common database optimizations like caching recently queried data don’t really work for alerting queries because, generally speaking, the last received datapoint is required for correctness. For the example query listed above, the data expressions are name,errors,:eq,:sum and name,rps,:eq,:sum.

Storage 293

Storage Cache Metrics Database 293

The Netflix TechBlog

OCTOBER 29, 2020

You only need to write platform-specific code where it’s necessary, for example, to implement a native UI or when working with platform-specific APIs. This translates to a large number of app configurations to toggle feature availability and optimize the in-app experience for each production.

Mobile 279

Mobile Cache Network Technology 279

Dynatrace

JULY 16, 2020

I wanted to leverage Dynatrace’s Environment APIs, for example to export timeseries data, get problem stats, or change configuration settings, like enforcing a certain data privacy setting. TenantCache: a cache to store tenant information and API token information and semi-permanent data to avoid unnecessary roundtrips. ?

Cache 289

Cache Serverless Efficiency Tuning 289

Smashing Magazine

MAY 9, 2022

Performance Game Changer: Browser Back/Forward Cache. Performance Game Changer: Browser Back/Forward Cache. With that caveat out of the way, let’s get to the guts of the article: What is the Back/Forward Cache and why does it matter so much? Didn’t The HTTP Cache Do All That Anyway? Barry Pollard.

Cache 106

Cache Games Performance Website 106

Dynatrace

DECEMBER 21, 2023

And while these examples were resolved by just asking a few questions, in many cases, the answers are more elusive, requiring real-time and historical drill-downs into the processes and dependencies specific to each host. A few examples: Reduce roundtrips between services (for example, the N+1 query pattern). Want to learn more?

Cloud 264

Cloud Energy Best Practices Cache 264

CSS Wizardry

SEPTEMBER 16, 2024

However, there are a handful of ways available to us—some are, admittedly, more easy and free than others. If you want resources to load faster on high-latency connections, making them smaller is still a sensible idea, although file size typically correlates more with available bandwidth as file sizes increase. 0⁠-⁠RTT’s best case.

Latency 244

Latency Cache Transportation Mobile 244

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 18, 2024

Central to this infrastructure is our use of multiple online distributed databases such as Apache Cassandra , a NoSQL database known for its high availability and scalability. Data Model At its core, the KV abstraction is built around a two-level map architecture. Developers just provide their data problem rather than a database solution!

Latency 256

Latency Storage Cache Servers 256

Alex Russell

MARCH 31, 2022

Browsers will cache tools popular among vocal, leading-edge developers. There's plenty of space for caching most popular frameworks. The best available proxy data also suggests that shared caches would have a minimal positive effect on performance. Suppose a user has only downloaded part of the cache.

Cache 89

Cache Government Traffic Network 89

Dynatrace

SEPTEMBER 13, 2023

For example, optimizing resource utilization for greater scale and lower cost and driving insights to increase adoption of cloud-native serverless services. Storing frequently accessed data in faster storage, usually in-memory caching, improves data retrieval speed and overall system performance. Beyond

AWS 305

AWS Efficiency Azure Cloud 305

Percona

JUNE 22, 2023

To make data count and to ensure cloud computing is unabated, companies and organizations must have highly available databases. This guide provides an overview of what high availability means, the components involved, how to measure high availability, and how to achieve it. How does high availability work?

Availability 132

Availability Database Open Source Hardware 132

The Netflix TechBlog

JULY 12, 2019

The Tech Hollow , an OSS technology we released a few years ago, has been best described as a total high-density near cache : Total : The entire dataset is cached on each node?—?there there is no eviction policy, and there are no cache misses. Near : the cache exists in RAM on any instance which requires access to the dataset.

Cache 183

Cache Architecture Engineering Latency 183

The Netflix TechBlog

MARCH 7, 2024

These integrations are implemented through Metaflow’s extension mechanism which is publicly available but subject to change, and hence not a part of Metaflow’s stable API yet. Example use case: Building model explainers Here’s a fascinating example of the usefulness of portable execution environments.

Systems 231

Systems Media Cache Open Source 231

KeyCDN

JUNE 6, 2019

We’re happy to announce that WebP Caching has landed! The new feature integrates into the existing CDN and is available to all customers. How Does WebP Caching Work? jpg in the example above) will not change. Below is an example for Nginx that manages the delivery of WebP assets on your origin server.

Cache 81

Cache Servers Website Traffic 81

Dynatrace

MAY 13, 2022

Because of its scalability and distributed architecture, thousands of companies trust it to run their cloud and hybrid-based workloads at high availability without compromising performance. You can also analyze table metrics, such as cache hits and misses. Apache Cassandra is an open-source, distributed, NoSQL database.

Azure 246

Azure Latency Metrics Infrastructure 246

Dynatrace

NOVEMBER 3, 2021

For example, we can actively watch a single metric for changes that indicate a problem — this is monitoring. For example, when monitoring a database, you’ll want to know about any latency when writing data to a disk or average query response time.

Monitoring 264

Monitoring Metrics DevOps Scalability 264

Dynatrace

MAY 17, 2023

But its underlying goal is quite humble and straightforward: it wants to enable you to observe an IT system (for example, a web application, infrastructure, or services) and gain insight to its behavior, such as performance, error rates, hot spots of executed instructions in code, and more. Those are prime candidates for their own spans.

Metrics 245

Metrics Open Source Traffic Cache 245

Dean Hume

MAY 16, 2018

Have you ever been on a website and noticed a popup notification that suggests that there is a new version of the site available? This is where a pop up notification like Google’s Inbox provides the user with a means of always having the latest version of cached resources. then(cache => cache.addAll([ './dog.jpg'

Availability 100

Availability Cache Code Google 100

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 15, 2022

AWS AWS provides a suite of services that a VFX studio, regardless of size, can use to leverage the cloud, including AWS Thinkbox Deadline , Amazon File Cache , and Render Farm Deployment Kit on AWS (RFDK). via direct plug-ins, and is available on multi-cloud platform services. including AWS Thinkbox Deadline and Pixar’s Tractor.

Cloud 286

Cloud Entertainment AWS Infrastructure 286

Dynatrace

AUGUST 30, 2019

We have several YouTube Tutorials and blog posts available that show how you can use Dynatrace RUM data for Web Performance & User Experience Optimization. Missing Cache Settings – Make sure you cache resources that don’t change often on the browser or use a CDN. Impressive results I have to say!

Cache 214

Cache Database Architecture Government 214

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 8, 2020

This allows the app to query a list of “paths” in each HTTP request, and get specially formatted JSON (jsonGraph) that we use to cache the data and hydrate the UI. For example, the artwork service is separate from the video metadata service, but we need the data from both in the detail key. This meant that data that was static (e.g.

Latency 237

Latency Cache Java Traffic 237

All Things Distributed

SEPTEMBER 3, 2013

Choosing your database architecture may be the most critical decision you’ll make and has a disproportionate impact on the performance, scalability, and availability of your app. Get it right and your application will seamlessly scale from hundreds to tens of millions of users without difficulty, while remaining performant and available.

Cache 99

Cache Cloud Performance Retail 99

The Netflix TechBlog

OCTOBER 16, 2019

One example displaying the need for dataset propagation: at any given time Netflix runs a very large number of A/B tests. For example, you could configure a topic to retain 10 versions or 10 days of versions. for example by region, application, or cluster. for example to train machine-learned models.

Cache 189

Cache Architecture Metrics Java 189

The Netflix TechBlog

MAY 4, 2023

It provides a good read on the availability and latency ranges under different production conditions. For example, if some fields in the responses are timestamps, those will differ. The service responsible for generating this payload consults a metadata service that provides all available streams for the given title.

Traffic 343

Traffic Latency Tuning Systems 343

The Netflix TechBlog

JULY 1, 2019

While web browsers and mobile phones have gigabytes of memory available for graphics, our devices are constrained to mere MBs. Our UI runs on top of a custom rendering engine which uses what we call a “surface cache” to optimize our use of graphics memory. The majority of legacy devices run at 28MB of surface cache.

Cache 166

Cache Design Testing Development 166

Dynatrace

JUNE 18, 2019

Moreover, features like Instant Run and the Gradle Build Cache weren’t supported. Out-of-the-box support for Instant Run and the Gradle Build Cache make the auto-instrumentation process barely noticeable. All auto-instrumentation settings are available as Gradle configuration properties. Supportability.

Cache 35

Cache Java Monitoring Tuning 35

Dynatrace

DECEMBER 20, 2021

For example, the <body> element of your page exists on one branch of this tree structure, with any <img> assets branching off. Consider the example of “rage clicks,” which are rapid clicks (or taps) on the same spot when a feature is unresponsive. For example, are all user bounces caused by the same issue?

Mobile 264

Mobile Website Analytics Cache 264

The Netflix TechBlog

NOVEMBER 4, 2019

As an example, our data is centered around a creative service to keep track of the creatives we build. Best of all, our page can load much faster since everything is cached in Elasticsearch. For example, if a title ranking changes, we need to find the related show, then its corresponding creative, and reindex it.

Database 243

Database Cache Servers Performance 243

The Netflix TechBlog

SEPTEMBER 10, 2024

Throughout this evolution, we’ve been able to maintain high availability and a consistent message delivery rate, with Pushy successfully maintaining 99.999% reliability for message delivery over the last few months. When our partners want to deliver a message to a device, it’s our job to make sure they can do so.

Latency 230

Latency Cache Tuning Efficiency 230

The Netflix TechBlog

JULY 21, 2022

More importantly, the low resource availability or “out of memory” scenario is one of the common reasons for crashes/kills. Some features (as an example) include Device Type ID, SDK Version, Buffer Sizes, Cache Capacities, UI resolution, Chipset Manufacturer and Brand. Labeling the data?—?Ground

Big Data 184

Big Data Cache Engineering Data Engineering 184

CSS Wizardry

AUGUST 7, 2019

only to find that the resource they’re requesting isn’t in that PoP ’s cache. For example, request collapsing , edge-side includes , etc.). This is exactly what we did at BBC iPlayer last year: The newly-available Server-Timing header can be added to any response. Routing: If you are using a CDN—and you should be!—a

Latency 274

Latency Ecommerce Servers Mobile 274

CSS Wizardry

NOVEMBER 9, 2018

This is best illustrated with an example. We’re bound to an inefficient caching strategy: a change to, say, the background colour of the currently-selected day on a date picker used on only one page, would require that we cache-bust the entirety of app.css. This reduces the size of the blocking CSS on the Critical Path.

Network 279

Network Performance Media Cache 279